FSGM0565R
www.onsemi.com
10
Protection Circuits
The FSGM0565RB has several self−protective functions,
such as Overload Protection (OLP), Abnormal
Over−Current Protection (AOCP), Output−Short Protection
(OSP), Over−Voltage Protection (OVP), and Thermal
Shutdown (TSD). All the protections are implemented as
auto−restart. Once the fault condition is detected, switching
is terminated and the SENSEFET remains off. This causes
VCC to fall. When VBCC falls to the Under−Voltage Lockout
(UVLO) stop voltage of 7.5 V, the protection is reset and the
startup circuit charges the VCC capacitor. When VCC reaches
the start voltage of 12.0 V, the FSGM0565RB resumes
normal operation. If the fault condition is not removed, the
SENSEFET remains off and VCC drops to stop voltage
again. In this manner, the auto−restart can alternately enable
and disable the switching of the power SENSEFET until the
fault condition is eliminated. Because these protection
circuits are fully integrated into the IC without external
components, the reliability is improved without increasing
cost.
Fault
situation
7.5 V
12.0 V
VCC
VDS
t
Fault
occurs
Fault
removed
Normal
operation
Normal
operation
Power
on
Figure 19. Auto−Restart Protection Waveforms
Overload Protection (OLP)
Overload is defined as the load current exceeding its
normal level due to an unexpected abnormal event. In this
situation, the protection circuit should trigger to protect the
SMPS. However, even when the SMPS is in normal
operation, the overload protection circuit can be triggered
during the load transition. To avoid this undesired operation,
the overload protection circuit is designed to trigger only
after a specified time to determine whether it is a transient
situation or a true overload situation. Because of the
pulse−by−pulse current limit capability, the maximum peak
current through the SENSEFET is limited and, therefore, the
maximum input power is restricted with a given input
voltage. If the output consumes more than this maximum
power, the output voltage (VOUT) decreases below the set
voltage. This reduces the current through the opto−coupler
LED, which also reduces the opto−coupler transistor
current, thus increasing the feedback voltage (VFB). If VFB
exceeds 2.4 V, D1 is blocked and the 3.3 mA current source
starts to charge CFB slowly up. In this condition, VFB
continues increasing until it reaches 6.0 V, when the
switching operation is terminated, as shown in Figure 20.
The delay time for shutdown is the time required to charge
CFB from 2.4 V to 6.0 V with 3.3 mA. A 25 ~ 50 ms delay is
typical for most applications. This protection is
implemented in auto−restart mode.
VFB
t
2.4 V
6.0 V
Overload Protection
t1t
Figure 20. Overload Protection
t12 = CFB x (6.0 − 2.4) / Idelay
2
Abnormal Over−Current Protection (AOCP)
When the secondary rectifier diodes or the transformer
pins are shorted, a steep current with extremely high di/dt
can flow through the SENSEFET during the minimum
turn−on time. Even though the FSGM0565RB has overload
protection, it is not enough to protect the FSGM0565RB in
that abnormal case; since severe current stress is imposed on
the SENSEFET until OLP is triggered. The FSGM0565RB
internal AOCP circuit is shown in Figure 21. When the gate
turn−on signal is applied to the power SENSEFET, the
AOCP block is enabled and monitors the current through the
sensing resistor. The voltage across the resistor is compared
with a preset AOCP level. If the sensing resistor voltage is
greater than the AOCP level, the set signal is applied to the
S−R latch, resulting in the shutdown of the SMPS.
OSC
R
3R
Drain
GND
PWM
2
1
VAOCP
RSENSE
V
FB*
VCC good
Gate
Driver
SQ
RQ
Figure 21. Abnormal Over−Current Protection
LEB (300 ns)