TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 D D D D Correlated Double Sampling (CDS), AGC and High Speed 10-Bit ADC in a Single Package 5-V Analog Power Supply and 3.3-V Digital Power Supply Power Down Mode 56-Pin TSSOP (DGG) Package with Multichip Module Assembly for Isolation CDS/AGC D D D D AGC Gain Range of 5 dB to 39 dB Black Level Clamp Circuit Direct Connection to ADC Input Voltage Reference for ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter D D D D D 10-Bit Resolution Maximum Conversion Rate . . . 20 MSPS (MIN) Differential Nonlinearity . . . 0.75 LSB (TYP) Analog Input Voltage Range of 2 Vp-p 3.3 V CMOS Digital Interface Applications D D D D PC Camera Digital Camera Camcorder CCD Scanner DGG PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) SHV GND1 BLK-PULSE OFFSET VCC3 DRIVE-OUT GND3 CDS-STBY VRB-OUT VRT-OUT A-SUB D-SUB DVSS D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 DVSS DVDD D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 RESET DVSS AVDD 1 56 2 55 3 54 4 53 5 52 6 51 7 50 8 49 9 48 10 47 11 46 12 45 13 44 14 43 15 42 16 41 17 40 18 39 19 38 20 37 21 36 22 35 23 34 24 33 25 32 26 31 27 30 28 29 SHR VCC1 CLP2 DATA-IN PIN AGCGAIN OBCLP AGCCLP SH-PULSE GND2 VCC2 A-SUB DVDD AVSS AVSS VIN D-SUB AVSS VRB-IN VRB-IN VRT-IN VRT-IN AVSS AVDD AVDD AD-STBY OE CLK description The TLC976 is a multichip module (MCM) subsystem designed for interfacing Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) in camcorder and digital camera systems. The TLC976 includes correlated double sampler (CDS), automatic gain control (AGC), black level clamp circuit, 10 bit, 20 MSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and internal reference voltage generator for ADC. The CDS/AGC can be connected directly to the ADC input or a separate signal can be connected directly to the ADC input. A power-down mode is provided. Assembled using the MCM process, the TLC976 provides isolation between the noisy digital domain and the noise sensitive analog signals. The CDS/PGA, black level clamps are on one die and the ADC is on a separate die. The separate dies significantly reduce the substrate noise to the analog section. The TLC976 comes in a 56-pin TSSOP package with 0,50 mm pin pitch. This is about 25% smaller than using two separate 32-pin quad flat packs (QFP). Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright 1998, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 functional block diagram SHR SHV AGCGAIN AGCCLP OBCLP AGCCLP SH-PULSE PIN SH SH LPF SH AGC BLK-PULSE BLK SH DATA-IN CLP1 VRB VRB-OUT VRT VRT-OUT CLP2 CLP2 CDS-STBY OFFSET DRV DRIVE-OUT Auto Calibration Circuit D9 D8 D7 Upper Data Latch D3 D2 Upper Sampling Comparators Upper Data Latch S&H VIN + D6 D5 D4 RESET DAC - Lower Data Latch Lower Data Latch D1 D0 Lower Sampling Comparators VRT-IN Reference Voltage VRB-IN Clock Generator CLK 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 AD-STBY OE TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION AD-STBY 31 I ADC standby mode L level in operation AGCCLP 49 I AGC clamp capacitor (connect 0.1 F to GND) 51 I AGC gain control AGCGAIN A-SUB 11, 45 AVDD 28, 32, 33 ADC analog power supply AVSS 34, 39, 42, 43 Analog GND for ADC H level in standby mode Analog GND BLK-PULSE 3 I DRIVE-OUT terminal is clamped to 1.66 V internally when BLK-PULSE = L. CDS-STBY 8 I CDS/AGC standby mode control L level in operation H level in standby mode CLK 29 I CLK input for ADC CLP2 D0-D9 DATA-IN DRIVE-OUT 54 I CCD signal clamp control input 14-18, 21-25 O Digital data output, D0 (pin 14): LSB, D9 (pin 25): MSB 53 I CCD signal input 6 O CDS/AGC output D-SUB 12, 40 Analog GND DVDD 20, 44 ADC digital power supply DVSS 13, 19, 27 GND1 2 GND2 47 Digital GND for ADC I CDS/AGC analog GND CDS/AGC analog GND GND3 7 OBCLP 50 I Control input for clamping optical black level after AGC OE 30 I ADC output enable L level in operation OFFSET 4 GND for CDS output circuit I H level in Hi-Z CDS/AGC output offset control: DC voltage at OFFSET pin 0V 0.5 V 3V DRIVE-OUT offset - 450 mV - 280 mV 550 mV PIN 52 I CCD signal input RESET 26 I Reset for calibration circuit. Restart of startup calibration. SHV 1 I CCD signal level sample clock input SH-PULSE 48 I Sample and hold pulse input SHR 56 I CCD reset level sample clock input VCC1 55 CDS/AGC analog power supply VCC2 46 CDS/AGC analog power supply VCC3 5 VIN 41 I ADC analog signal input VRB-OUT VRB-IN VRT-OUT VRT-IN CDS/AGC analog power supply 9 O ADC bottom reference voltage output (1.5 V typ) 37, 38 I Connect to VRB-OUT 10 O ADC top reference voltage output (3.5 V typ) 35, 36 I Connect to VRT-OUT POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Analog supply voltage, VCC1, VCC2, VCC3, AVDD (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.4 V to 7 V Digital supply voltage, DVDD (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.4 V to 7 V Analog input voltage range, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.4 V to AVCC1, 2,3 + 0.5 V Continuous total power dissipation (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1344 mW Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 65C to 150C Lead temperature soldering 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260C Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltages are with respect to GND. 2. For operation above 25C free-air temperature, derate linearly at the rate of 10.75 mW/C. recommended operating conditions MIN Analog supply voltage, VCC1, VCC2, VCC3, AVDD ADC digital output supply voltage, DVDD Difference, AGND to DGND NOM MAX UNIT 4.75 5 5.25 V 3 3.3 3.6 V 100 mV -100 High-level input voltage 2 V Low-level input voltage 0.8 ADC analog input voltage full scale range ADC CLK pulse width 2 High level 25 Low level 25 Operating temperature V V ns 0 70 C electrical characteristics over recommended operating junction temperature range, AVCC = VCC1-3 = 4.75 V, DVDD = 3.3 V, VRT = 3.5 V, VRB = 1.5 V, Fs = 20 MSPS, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) total device PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS AGCGAIN = 0 V, STBY = 0 V CDS/AGC supply current ADC supply current 4 Digital supply Analog supply VRT = VRB = Open, NTSC ramp input MIN TYP MAX 30 38 3 6 32 35 UNIT mA mA CDS/AGC standby current CDS-STBY = High 5.6 11 mA ADC standby current AD-STBY = HIGH, CDS STBY = HIGH, (VIN = VRT-IN = VRB-IN = Hi-Z) 0.5 1 mA POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 electrical characteristics over recommended operating junction temperature range, AVCC = VCC1-3 = 4.75 V, DVDD = 3.3 V, VRT = 3.5 V, VRB = 1.5 V, Fs = 20 MSPS, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) (continued) CDS input/AGC PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN Input signal clamp voltage Input current for SHR, SHR SHV, SHV CLP2 AGC gain TYP MAX 2.7 High input VIN = 3 V Low input VIN = 0 V Minimum AGCGAIN = 0 V Maximum AGCGAIN = 3 V 34 UNIT V 1 A -1 A 5 7 37 39 dB High-level input current, OBCLP, BLK pulse 1 A Low-level input current, OBCLP, BLK pulse -1 A CDS input clock frequency 20 MHz driver output PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Output offset voltage High OFFSET = 3 V Low OFFSET = 0 V Internal black level MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0.55 0.65 V - 0.35 - 0.45 1.36 1.66 Nominal signal voltage at DRIVE-OUT V 1.96 2 V Vp-p reference voltage PARAMETER VRT output voltage VRB output voltage TEST CONDITIONS 300 , AVDD = VCC1- VCC1 3 = 4.75 4 75 V POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 MIN TYP MAX UNIT 3.47 3.50 3.53 V 1.45 1.50 1.55 V 5 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 electrical characteristics over recommended operating junction temperature range, AVCC = VCC1-3 = 4.75 V, DVDD = 3.3 V, VRT = 3.5 V, VRB = 1.5 V, Fs = 20 MSPS, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) (continued) A/D converter PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Integral non-linearity Fs = 20 MSPS, MIN VIN = 1.8 V - 3.8 V Differential non-linearity TYP MAX UNIT 1.5 2.5 LSB 0.75 1.25 LSB Analog input capacitance 10 pF Reference voltage output current 6.5 mA 300 Zero scale offset error 20 mV Full scale offset error 20 mV Reference voltage output impedance (VRT IN - VRB IN) High-level input current DVDD = MAX, Low-level input current DVDD = MAX, VIH = DVDD VIL = 0 V High-level output current OE = GND, VOH = DVDD - 0.5 V DVDD = MIN, Low-level output current OE = GND, VOL = 0.4 V DVDD = MIN, High-level output voltage DVDD = 3 V - 5.25 V, IOH = 2 mA Low-level output voltage DVDD = 3 V - 5.25 V, High-level output leakage current OE = DVDD, VOH = DVDD IOL = 1 mA DVDD = MAX, Low-level output leakage current OE = DVDD, VOL = 0 V A 10 A 3 mA 5 mA VDD- 0.7V V DVDD = MIN, DVDD-DGND Automatic starting calibration voltage 10 0.8 V 1 A 1 A 2.5 VRT-VRB V 1 A/D converter operating characteristics PARAMETER Sampling rate TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 1.8 V - 3.8 V, Fin = 1 kHz ramp MIN Analog input bandwidth (- 3 dB) Data output, propagation delay Differential gain Differential phase 6 MAX UNIT 20 MSPS 10 CL = 20 pF 3 MSPS NTSC 40 IRE mod ramp ramp, FS = 14 14.3 Sampling delay time Signal to noise ratio TYP 0.5 Fin = 1 MHz POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 MHz ns 1% 0.3 Degree 5 ns 55 dB TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS AGCGAIN vs VOLTAGE 45 40 AGCGAIN - dB 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 AGCGAIN - V Figure 1. AGC Characteristics OUTPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs OFFSET CONTROL VOLTAGE 0.6 0.5 DRIVE OUT Offset Voltage 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Control Voltage at OFFSET Pin (V) 3 Figure 2. OFFSET IN Terminal Input/Output Characteristics POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 TYPICAL OPERATION Optical Black Pixel Period Dummy Black/Blanking Period Signal Period CCD Reset Feedthrough CCD Reset Level CCD Signal Level CCD Input SHR Input SHV Input 2 s (typ) CLP2 Input (Internal) AGC Output Optical Black Level 1.66 V Black Level SH-Pulse (Input) OBCLP Input 1.66 V (Internal) BLK 10 s (typ) BLK-PULSE (Input) 1.66 V DRIVE-OUT (Output) Figure 3. CCD Input Mode Timing Diagram 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 APPLICATION INFORMATION AVDD 0.1 F 1 2 GND1 VCC1 3 4 5 6 0.1 F 7 8 52 VCC3 51 50 GND3 49 9 12 13 14 AGND 48 GND2 A-SUB VCC2 A-SUB D-SUB DVSS DVDD AVSS AVSS 15 16 17 D-SUB 18 19 20 0.1 F 21 AVSS DVSS 0.1 F 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 36 35 23 AVSS 24 AVDD AVDD 25 26 28 47 37 DVDD 22 27 54 53 10 11 56 55 34 33 0.1 F 32 31 30 DVSS 29 AVDD DGND DVDD NOTE A: A-SUB and D-SUB should be connected to Analog GND. Figure 4. Typical Connection Diagram Table 1. Standby, Output Enable PIN PIN NAME 8 CDS-STBY 31 AD-STBY 30 OE FUNCTION OPERATION STAND-BY OR DISABLE Standby mode for CDS/AGC L H Standby mode for AD converter L H AD output L H POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 APPLICATION INFORMATION 0.1 F AGCCLP SHR CCD-IN SHV AGCGAIN OBCLP AGCCLP 1 F SH-PULSE PIN SH SH LPF SH AGC DATA-IN BLK-PULSE BLK SH 1 F VRB-OUT CLP1 VRB VRT CLP2 VRT-OUT CLP2 CDS-STBY DRV OFFSET-IN DRIVE-OUT Auto Calibration Circuit D9 D8 Upper Data Latch D7 Upper Data Latch RESET Upper Sampling Comparators S&H VIN D6 DAC D5 D4 D3 D2 + (see Note A) - Lower Data Latch Lower Data Latch Lower Sampling Comparators VRT-IN D1 Reference Voltage D0 Clock Generator CLK NOTE A: The 0.1 F capacitors are necessary when you need to protect the noise. Figure 5. Typical Application 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 VRB-IN AD-STBY OE (see Note A) TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION CDS/AGC signal processor The output from the CCD sensor is first fed to a correlated double sampler (CDS). The CCD signal is sampled and held during both the reset reference interval and the video signal interval. By subtracting two resulting voltage levels, the CDS removes low frequency noise from the output of the CCD sensor. Two sample/hold control pulses (SHR and SHV) are required to perform the CDS function. The CCD output is capacitively coupled to the TLC976. The AC coupling capacitor is clamped to establish proper dc bias during the dummy pixel interval by the CLP2 input. The bias at the input to the TLC976 is set to 2.7 V at VCC = 4.75 V. Normally, the CLP2 is applied at the sensor's line rate. The signal is sent to AGC after the CDS function is complete. The AGC gain can be adjusted from 5 dB to 39 dB by applying variable dc voltage from 0 V to 3 V at the AGCGAIN terminal. A low-pass filter is installed at the AGC output to improve signal-to-noise ratio. After its output settles, it is sampled and held by the SH-PULSE input for digitization. The SH-PULSE should synchronize with the ADC clock. The basic black level reference is established by clamping the AGC output to 1.66 V internally by the OBCLP input during the optical black pixel period. A capacitor of 0.1 F should be connected to the AGCCLP pin. To prevent the black level from falling below the basic black level (1.66 V) during the blanking period, the AGC output level is kept at 1.66 V by the BLK PULSE input. It is recommended that the BLK PULSE be kept low during the entire blanking period. The DRV block drives the ADC and adjusts the signal offset at the DRIVE OUT output. The offset can be adjusted from -450 mV to 550 mV by applying control voltage on the OFFSET pin. The VRT (3.5 V) and VRB (1.5 V) outputs provide voltage references for the ADC. They should be connected to the VRT-IN and VRB-IN input pins externally. analog-to-digital converter (ADC) The A/DC in the TLC976 performs high-speed analog-to-digital conversion with 10-bit resolution using semi-flash technique. The latency of the data output valid is 2.5 clocks. Table 2. ADC Output Code INPUT VOLTAGE STEPS VRT * * * * * * * * * * VRB 0 * * * * 511 512 * * * * 1023 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE MSB LSB 1111111111 * * * * 1000000000 0111111111 * * * * 0000000000 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION twh twl CLOCK N+2 INPUT SIGNAL DATA OUTPUT N N+3 N-3 N-2 N-1 tpd Figure 6. ADC Operation Sequence 12 N+4 N+1 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 N N+1 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ADC internal calibration start-up calibration at power up After power is turned on, the start-up calibration starts under the following conditions: 1. The voltage between VRT and VRB is over 1 V when the voltage between AVDD and AVSS is over 2.5 V. 2. The voltage between DVDD and DVSS is over 2.5 V. 3. The RESET terminal (pin 26) is high. 4. The AD-STBY terminal (pin 31) is low. The calibration sequence starts after condition 2 is met (see Figure 7). The following equation calculates the time required for the start-up calibration after the above conditions are met. Start-up calibration time = main clock pulse period x 16 x 16384 For example, if the main clock frequency is 15 MHz, the time required for startup calibration is 17.5 ms. Reset = HIGH, AD-STBY = LOW 5V AVDD VRT DVDD 2.5 V 1V VRB CALIBRATION START Figure 7. Start-Up Calibration POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION start-up calibration using RESET terminal If start-up characteristics are not stable, the start-up calibration can be performed using the AD-STBY terminal (pin 31) or the RESET terminal (pin 26). Start-up calibration can be initiated properly by connecting RC components to the RESET pin as shown in Figure 8. The RC components delay the start-up until the supply voltage stablizes. AVDD M AVDD VRT R RESET RESET 26 C VRB AVSS (t) Figure 8. Start-Up Calibration Using RESET Terminal 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLC976C 10-BIT, 20 MSPS, AREA CCD SIGNAL PROCESSOR SLAS193 - OCTOBER 1998 MECHANICAL DATA DGG (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 48 PIN SHOWN 0,27 0,17 0,50 48 0,08 M 25 6,20 6,00 8,30 7,90 0,15 NOM Gage Plane 1 0,25 24 0- 8 A 0,75 0,50 Seating Plane 0,15 0,05 1,20 MAX PINS ** 0,10 48 56 64 A MAX 12,60 14,10 17,10 A MIN 12,40 13,90 16,90 DIM 4040078 / F 12/97 NOTES: B. C. D. E. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold protrusion not to exceed 0,15. Falls within JEDEC MO-153 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 30-Mar-2005 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TLC976CDGG OBSOLETE TSSOP DGG 56 TBD Call TI Call TI TLC976CDGGR OBSOLETE TSSOP DGG 56 TBD Call TI Call TI Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS) or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. 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