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An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
LMx24-N, LM2902-N Low-Power, Quad-Operational Amplifiers
1
1 Features
1• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain
• Large DC Voltage Gain 100 dB
• Wide Bandwidth (Unity Gain) 1 MHz
(Temperature Compensated)
• Wide Power Supply Range:
– Single Supply 3 V to 32 V
– or Dual Supplies ±1.5 V to ±16 V
• Very Low Supply Current Drain (700 μA)
—Essentially Independent of Supply Voltage
• Low Input Biasing Current 45 nA
(Temperature Compensated)
• Low Input Offset Voltage 2 mV
and Offset Current: 5 nA
• Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Includes
Ground
• Differential Input Voltage Range Equal to the
Power Supply Voltage
• Large Output Voltage Swing 0 V to V+−1.5 V
•Advantages:
– Eliminates Need for Dual Supplies
– Four Internally Compensated Op Amps in a
Single Package
– Allows Direct Sensing Near GND and VOUT
also Goes to GND
– Compatible With All Forms of Logic
– Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation
– In the Linear Mode the Input Common-Mode,
Voltage Range Includes Ground and the
Output Voltage
– Can Swing to Ground, Even Though Operated
from Only a Single Power Supply Voltage
– Unity Gain Cross Frequency is Temperature
Compensated
– Input Bias Current is Also Temperature
Compensated
2 Applications
• Transducer Amplifiers
• DC Gain Blocks
• Conventional Op Amp Circuits
3 Description
The LM124-N series consists of four independent,
high-gain, internally frequency compensated
operational amplifiers designed to operate from a
single power supply over a wide range of voltages.
Operation from split-power supplies is also possible
and the low-power supply current drain is
independent of the magnitude of the power supply
voltage.
Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC
gain blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits
which now can be more easily implemented in single
power supply systems. For example, the LM124-N
series can directly operate off of the standard 5-V
power supply voltage which is used in digital systems
and easily provides the required interface electronics
without requiring the additional ±15 V power supplies.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
LM124-N CDIP (14) 19.56 mm × 6.67 mm
LM224-N
LM324-N
CDIP (14) 19.56 mm × 6.67 mm
PDIP (14) 19.177 mm × 6.35 mm
SOIC (14) 8.65 mm × 3.91 mm
TSSOP (14) 5.00 mm × 4.40 mm
LM2902-N PDIP (14) 19.177 mm × 6.35 mm
SOIC (14) 8.65 mm × 3.91 mm
TSSOP (14) 5.00 mm × 4.40 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the datasheet.
Schematic Diagram
2
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
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Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N
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Table of Contents
1 Features.................................................................. 1
2 Applications ........................................................... 1
3 Description............................................................. 1
4 Revision History..................................................... 2
5 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3
6 Specifications......................................................... 4
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4
6.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4
6.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 5
6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A ........ 5
6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-
N/2902-N ................................................................... 6
6.7 Typical Characteristics.............................................. 8
7 Detailed Description............................................ 11
7.1 Overview................................................................. 11
7.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................... 11
7.3 Feature Description................................................. 11
7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 11
8 Application and Implementation ........................ 13
8.1 Application Information............................................ 13
8.2 Typical Applications ............................................... 13
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 23
10 Layout................................................................... 23
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 23
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 23
11 Device and Documentation Support................. 24
11.1 Related Links ........................................................ 24
11.2 Trademarks........................................................... 24
11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 24
11.4 Glossary................................................................ 24
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information........................................................... 24
4 Revision History
Changes from Revision C (November 2012) to Revision D Page
• Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional
Modes,Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device
and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section ............................... 1
3
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
J Package
14-Pin CDIP
Top View
D Package
14-Pin SOIC
Top View
Pin Functions
PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
OUTPUT1 1 O Output, Channel 1
INPUT1- 2 I Inverting Input, Channel 1
INPUT1+ 3 I Noninverting Input, Channel 1
V+ 4 P Positive Supply Voltage
INPUT2+ 5 I Nonnverting Input, Channel 2
INPUT2- 6 I Inverting Input, Channel 2
OUTPUT2 7 O Output, Channel 2
OUTPUT3 8 O Output, Channel 3
INPUT3- 9 I Inverting Input, Channel 3
INPUT3+ 10 I Noninverting Input, Channel 3
GND 11 P Ground or Negative Supply Voltage
INPUT4+ 12 I Noninverting Input, Channel 4
INPUT4- 13 I Inverting Input, Channel 4
OUTPUT4 14 O Output, Channel 4
4
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
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Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N
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(1) Refer to RETS124AX for LM124A military specifications and refer to RETS124X for LM124-N military specifications.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and
specifications.
(3) This input current will only exist when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of
the input PNP transistors becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diode clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is
also lateral NPN parasitic transistor action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op amps to go to
the V+voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time duration that an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and
normal output states will re-establish when the input voltage, which was negative, again returns to a value greater than −0.3 V (at 25°C).
(4) For operating at high temperatures, the LM324-N/LM324A/LM2902-N must be derated based on a 125°C maximum junction
temperature and a thermal resistance of 88°C/W which applies for the device soldered in a printed circuit board, operating in a still air
ambient. The LM224-N/LM224A and LM124-N/LM124A can be derated based on a 150°C maximum junction temperature. The
dissipation is the total of all four amplifiers—use external resistors, where possible, to allow the amplifier to saturate of to reduce the
power which is dissipated in the integrated circuit.
(5) Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground,
the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V,
continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result
from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.
6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
See (1)(2).LM124-N/LM224-N/LM324-N
LM124A/LM224A/LM324A LM2902-N
MIN MAX MIN MAX UNIT
Supply Voltage, V+32 26 V
Differential Input Voltage 32 26 V
Input Voltage −0.3 32 −0.3 26 V
Input Current (VIN <−0.3 V)(3) 50 50 mA
Power
Dissipation(4) PDIP 1130 1130 mW
CDIP 1260 1260 mW
SOIC Package 800 800 mW
Output Short-Circuit to GND
(One Amplifier)(5) V+≤15 V and TA= 25°C Continuous Continuous
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) 260 260 °C
Soldering
Information
Dual-In-Line
Package Soldering (10 seconds) 260 260 °C
Small
Outline
Package
Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215 215 °C
Infrared (15 seconds) 220 220 °C
Storage temperature, Tstg –65 150 –65 150 °C
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1) ±250 V
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT
Supply Voltage (V+- V-): LM124-N/LM124A/LM224-N/LM224A/LM324-N/LM324A 3 32 V
Supply Voltage (V+- V-): LM2902-N 3 26 V
Operating Input Voltage on Input pins 0 V+ V
Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM124-N/LM124A -55 125 °C
Operating junction temperature, TJ: L2902-N -40 85 °C
Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM224-N/LM224A -25 85 °C
Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM324-N/LM324A 0 70 °C
5
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
6.4 Thermal Information
THERMAL METRIC(1)
LM124-N /
LM224-N LM324-N /
LM2902-N UNIT
J/CDIP D/SOIC
14 PINS 14 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 88 88 °C/W
(1) These specifications are limited to −55°C ≤TA≤+125°C for the LM124-N/LM124A. With the LM224-N/LM224A, all temperature
specifications are limited to −25°C ≤TA≤+85°C, the LM324-N/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0°C ≤TA≤+70°C, and
the LM2902-N specifications are limited to −40°C ≤TA≤+85°C.
(2) VO≃1.4V, RS= 0 Ωwith V+from 5 V to 30 V; and over the full input common-mode range (0 V to V+−1.5 V) for LM2902-N, V+from 5
V to 26 V.
(3) The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the
state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines.
(4) The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V (at 25°C). The
upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V+−1.5 V (at 25°C), but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage (26 V for
LM2902-N), independent of the magnitude of V+.
(5) Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This
typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies.
(6) Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground,
the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V,
continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result
from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.
6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A
V+= 5.0 V, (1), unless otherwise stated
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124A LM224A LM324A UNIT
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
Input Offset Voltage TA= 25°C(2) 1 2 1 3 2 3 mV
Input Bias Current(3) IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V,
TA= 25°C 20 50 40 80 45 100 nA
Input Offset Current IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V,
TA= 25°C 2 10 2 15 5 30 nA
Input Common-Mode
Voltage Range(4) V+= 30 V, (LM2902-N,
V+= 26 V), TA= 25°C 0V+−1.5 0V+−1.5 0V+−1.5 V
Supply Current
Over Full Temperature Range,
RL=∞On All Op Amps
V+= 30 V (LM2902-N V+= 26 V) 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3 mA
V+= 5 V 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2
Large Signal
Voltage Gain V+= 15 V, RL≥2 kΩ,
(VO= 1 V to 11 V), TA= 25°C 50 100 50 100 25 100 V/mV
Common-Mode
Rejection Ratio DC, VCM = 0 V to V+−1.5 V,
TA= 25°C 70 85 70 85 65 85 dB
Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
V+= 5 V to 30 V, (LM2902-N,
V+= 5V to 26 V),
TA= 25°C 65 100 65 100 65 100 dB
Amplifier-to-Amplifier
Coupling(5) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, TA= 25°C,
(Input Referred) −120 −120 −120 dB
Output
Current
Source VIN+= 1 V, VIN−= 0 V,
V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 20 40 20 40 20 40 mA
Sink
VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,
V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 10 20 10 20 10 20
μA
VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,
V+= 15 V, VO= 200 mV, TA= 25°C 12 50 12 50 12 50
Short Circuit to Ground V+= 15 V,
TA= 25°C(6) 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA
Input Offset Voltage See(2) 4 4 5 mV
VOS Drift RS= 0 Ω7 20 7 20 7 30 μV/°C
Input Offset Current IIN(+) −IIN(−), VCM = 0 V 30 30 75 nA
6
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
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Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A (continued)
V+= 5.0 V, (1), unless otherwise stated
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124A LM224A LM324A UNIT
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
IOS Drift RS= 0 Ω10 200 10 200 10 300 pA/°C
Input Bias Current IIN(+) or IIN(−)40 100 40 100 40 200 nA
Input Common-Mode
Voltage Range(4) V+= 30 V,
(LM2902-N, V+= 26 V) 0V+−20V+−20V+−2V
Large Signal
Voltage Gain V+= 15 V (VOSwing = 1 V to 11 V),
RL≥2 kΩ25 25 15 V/mV
Output
Voltage
Swing
VOH V+= 30 V
(LM2902-N,
V+= 26 V)
RL= 2 kΩ26 26 26 V
RL= 10 kΩ27 28 27 28 27 28
VOL V+= 5 V, RL= 10 kΩ5 20 5 20 5 20 mV
Output
Current
Source
VO= 2 V
VIN+= +1V,
VIN−= 0V,
V+= 15V 10 20 10 20 10 20
mA
Sink VIN−= +1V,
VIN+= 0V,
V+= 15V
10 15 5 8 5 8
(1) These specifications are limited to −55°C ≤TA≤+125°C for the LM124-N/LM124A. With the LM224-N/LM224A, all temperature
specifications are limited to −25°C ≤TA≤+85°C, the LM324-N/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0°C ≤TA≤+70°C, and
the LM2902-N specifications are limited to −40°C ≤TA≤+85°C.
(2) VO≃1.4V, RS= 0 Ωwith V+from 5 V to 30 V; and over the full input common-mode range (0 V to V+−1.5 V) for LM2902-N, V+from 5
V to 26 V.
(3) The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the
state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines.
(4) The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V (at 25°C). The
upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V+−1.5 V (at 25°C), but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage (26 V for
LM2902-N), independent of the magnitude of V+.
(5) Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This
typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies.
6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N
V+= +5.0V, (1), unless otherwise stated
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124-N / LM224-N LM324-N LM2902-N UNIT
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
Input Offset Voltage TA= 25°C(2) 2 5 2 7 2 7 mV
Input Bias Current(3) IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V, TA= 25°C 45 150 45 250 45 250 nA
Input Offset Current IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V, TA= 25°C 3 30 5 50 5 50 nA
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range(4) V+= 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+= 26V),
TA= 25°C 0V+−1.
50V+−1.
50V+−1.
5V
Supply Current
Over Full Temperature Range
RL=∞On All Op Amps,
V+= 30 V (LM2902-N V+= 26 V) 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3 mA
V+= 5 V 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2
Large Signal Voltage Gain V+= 15V, RL≥2 kΩ,
(VO= 1 V to 11 V), TA= 25°C 50 100 25 100 25 100 V/mV
Common-Mode Rejection
Ratio DC, VCM = 0 V to V+−1.5 V, TA= 25°C 70 85 65 85 50 70 dB
Power Supply Rejection Ratio V+= 5 V to 30 V (LM2902-N,
V+= 5 V to 26 V), TA= 25°C 65 100 65 100 50 100 dB
Amplifier-to-Amplifier
Coupling(5) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, TA= 25°C
(Input Referred) −120 −120 −120 dB
7
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N (continued)
V+= +5.0V, (1), unless otherwise stated
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124-N / LM224-N LM324-N LM2902-N UNIT
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
(6) Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground,
the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V,
continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result
from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.
Output
Current
Source VIN+= 1 V, VIN−= 0 V,
V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 20 40 20 40 20 40 mA
Sink
VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,
V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 10 20 10 20 10 20 mA
VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,
V+= 15 V, VO= 200 mV, TA= 25°C 12 50 12 50 12 50 µA
Short Circuit to Ground V+= 15 V, TA= 25°C(6) 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA
Input Offset Voltage See (2) 7 9 10 mV
VOS Drift RS= 0 Ω7 7 7 µV/°C
Input Offset Current IIN(+) −IIN(−), VCM = 0 V 100 150 45 200 nA
IOS Drift RS= 0 Ω10 10 10 pA/°C
Input Bias Current IIN(+) or IIN(−)40 300 40 500 40 500 nA
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range(4) V+= 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+= 26 V) 0V+−20V+−20V+−2V
Large Signal Voltage Gain V+= 15 V (VOSwing = 1V to 11V),
RL≥2 kΩ25 15 15 V/mV
Output
Voltage
Swing
VOH V+= 30 V (LM2902-N,
V+= 26 V) RL= 2 kΩ26 26 22 V
RL= 10 kΩ27 28 27 28 23 24
VOL V+= 5 V, RL= 10 kΩ5 20 5 20 5 100 mV
Output
Current
Source VO= 2 V VIN+= 1 V,
VIN−= 0 V,
V+= 15 V 10 20 10 20 10 20 mA
Sink VIN−= 1 V,
VIN+= 0 V,
V+= 15 V 5 8 5 8 5 8 mA
8
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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6.7 Typical Characteristics
Figure 1. Input Voltage Range Figure 2. Input Current
Figure 3. Supply Current Figure 4. Voltage Gain
Figure 5. Open-Loop Frequency Response Figure 6. Common Mode Rejection Ratio
9
LM124-N
,
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LM2902-N
,
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Figure 7. Voltage Follower Pulse Response Figure 8. Voltage Follower Pulse Response (Small Signal)
Figure 9. Large Signal Frequency Response Figure 10. Output Characteristics Current Sourcing
Figure 11. Output Characteristics Current Sinking Figure 12. Current Limiting
10
LM124-N
,
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LM2902-N
,
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Figure 13. Input Current (LM2902-N Only) Figure 14. Voltage Gain (LM2902-N Only)
11
LM124-N
,
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LM2902-N
,
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The LM124-N series are op amps which operate with only a single power supply voltage, have true-differential
inputs, and remain in the linear mode with an input common-mode voltage of 0 VDC. These amplifiers operate
over a wide range of power supply voltage with little change in performance characteristics. At 25°C amplifier
operation is possible down to a minimum supply voltage of 2.3 VDC.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
7.3 Feature Description
The LM124 provides a compelling balance of performance versus current consumption. The 700 μA of supply
current draw over the wide operating conditions with a 1-MHz gain-bandwidth and temperature compensated
bias currents makes the LM124 an effective solution for large variety of applications. The input offset voltage of 2
mV and offset current of 5 nA, along with the 45n-A bias current across a wide supply voltage means a single
design can be used in a large number of different implementations.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
Large differential input voltages can be easily accommodated and, as input differential voltage protection diodes
are not needed, no large input currents result from large differential input voltages. The differential input voltage
may be larger than V+without damaging the device. Protection should be provided to prevent the input voltages
from going negative more than −0.3 VDC (at 25°C). An input clamp diode with a resistor to the IC input terminal
can be used.
To reduce the power supply drain, the amplifiers have a class A output stage for small signal levels which
converts to class B in a large signal mode. This allows the amplifiers to both source and sink large output
currents. Therefore both NPN and PNP external current boost transistors can be used to extend the power
capability of the basic amplifiers. The output voltage needs to raise approximately 1 diode drop above ground to
bias the on-chip vertical PNP transistor for output current sinking applications.
For ac applications, where the load is capacitively coupled to the output of the amplifier, a resistor should be
used, from the output of the amplifier to ground to increase the class A bias current and prevent crossover
distortion.
Where the load is directly coupled, as in dc applications, there is no crossover distortion.
Capacitive loads which are applied directly to the output of the amplifier reduce the loop stability margin. Values
of 50 pF can be accommodated using the worst-case non-inverting unity gain connection. Large closed loop
gains or resistive isolation should be used if larger load capacitance must be driven by the amplifier.
12
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Device Functional Modes (continued)
The bias network of the LM124-N establishes a drain current which is independent of the magnitude of the power
supply voltage over the range of from 3 VDC to 30 VDC.
Output short circuits either to ground or to the positive power supply should be of short time duration. Units can
be destroyed, not as a result of the short circuit current causing metal fusing, but rather due to the large increase
in IC chip dissipation which will cause eventual failure due to excessive junction temperatures. Putting direct
short-circuits on more than one amplifier at a time will increase the total IC power dissipation to destructive
levels, if not properly protected with external dissipation limiting resistors in series with the output leads of the
amplifiers. The larger value of output source current which is available at 25°C provides a larger output current
capability at elevated temperatures (see Typical Characteristics) than a standard IC op amp.
13
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The LM124 series of amplifiers is specified for operation from 3 V to 32 V (±1.5 V to ±16 V). Many of the
specifications apply from –40°C to 125°C. Parameters that can exhibit significant variance with regards to
operating voltage or temperature are presented in Typical Characteristics.
8.2 Typical Applications
Figure 15 emphasizes operation on only a single power supply voltage. If complementary power supplies are
available, all of the standard op amp circuits can be used. In general, introducing a pseudo-ground (a bias
voltage reference of V+/2) will allow operation above and below this value in single power supply systems. Many
application circuits are shown which take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage range which
includes ground. In most cases, input biasing is not required and input voltages which range to ground can easily
be accommodated.
8.2.1 Non-Inverting DC Gain (0 V Input = 0 V Output)
*R not needed due to temperature independent IIN
Figure 15. Non-Inverting Amplifier with G=100
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
For this example application, the required signal gain is a non-inverting 100x±5% with a supply voltage of 5 V.
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
Using the equation for a non-inverting gain configuration, Av = 1+R2/R1. Setting the R1 to 10 kΩ, R2 is 99 times
larger than R1, which is 990 kΩ. A 1MΩis more readily available, and provides a gain of 101, which is within the
desired specification.
The gain-frequency characteristic of the amplifier and its feedback network must be such that oscillation does not
occur. To meet this condition, the phase shift through amplifier and feedback network must never exceed 180°
for any frequency where the gain of the amplifier and its feedback network is greater than unity. In practical
applications, the phase shift should not approach 180° since this is the situation of conditional stability. Obviously
the most critical case occurs when the attenuation of the feedback network is zero.
14
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.1.3 Application Curve
Figure 16. Non-Inverting Amplified Response Curve
15
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,
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LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.2 Other Application Circuits at V+= 5.0 VDC
Where: V0= V1+ V2−V3−V4
(V1+ V2)≥(V3+ V4) to keep VO> 0 VDC
Where: V0=0VDC for VIN =0VDC
AV= 10
Figure 17. DC Summing Amplifier
(VIN'S ≥0 VDC And VO≥VDC)Figure 18. Power Amplifier
fo= 1 kHz Q = 50 AV= 100 (40 dB)
Figure 19. LED Driver Figure 20. “BI-QUAD” RC Active Bandpass Filter
16
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
Figure 21. Fixed Current Sources
*(Increase R1 for ILsmall)
Figure 22. Lamp Driver Figure 23. Current Monitor
Figure 24. Driving TTL Figure 25. Voltage Follower
17
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,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
Figure 26. Pulse Generator Figure 27. Squarewave Oscillator
IO= 1 amp/volt VIN (Increase REfor Iosmall)
Figure 28. Pulse Generator Figure 29. High Compliance Current Sink
18
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
Figure 30. Low Drift Peak Detector Figure 31. Comparator With Hysteresis
VO= VR
*Wide control voltage range:
0 VDC ≤VC≤2 (V+−1.5 VDC)
Figure 32. Ground Referencing a Differential Input
Signal Figure 33. Voltage Controlled Oscillator Circuit
19
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
Q = 1 AV= 2
Figure 34. Photo Voltaic-Cell Amplifier Figure 35. DC Coupled Low-Pass RC Active Filter
Figure 36. AC Coupled Inverting Amplifier
Figure 37. AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier
20
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
Figure 38. High Input Z, DC Differential Amplifier
Figure 39. High Input Z Adjustable-Gain DC Instrumentation Amplifier
21
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
Figure 40. Bridge Current Amplifier
Figure 41. Using Symmetrical Amplifiers to Reduce Input Current (General Concept)
22
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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Typical Applications (continued)
fO= 1 kHz Q = 25
Figure 42. Bandpass Active Filter
1: VOUTA 14: VOUTD
13: IN-D
12: IN+D
11: GND
10: IN+C
9: IN-C
8: VOUTC
2: IN-A
3: IN+A
4: V+
5: IN+B
6: IN-B
7: VOUTB
2
GND
2
GND
2
GND
2
GND
2
VOUTA
2
VOUTB
2
VOUTC
2
VOUTD
2
IN+B
2
IN+A 2
IN+D
2
IN+C
1
GND
2
V+
1
IN-A
1
IN-A
1
IN-D
1
IN-D
1
IN-C
1
IN-C
1
IN-B
1
IN-B
1
VINA
1
VINB
1
VIND
1
VINC
GND GND
GND
GND
GND GND
V+
IN+A
IN+B
IN-B
IN-A
IN+C VINC
IN-C
IN+D
IN-D
VOUTB VOUTC
VOUTA VOUTD
VOUTA
VOUTD
VINC
VIND
GND GND
GND
VINC
23
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
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SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
The pinouts of the package have been designed to simplify PC board layouts. Inverting inputs are adjacent to
outputs for all of the amplifiers and the outputs have also been placed at the corners of the package (pins 1, 7, 8,
and 14).
Precautions should be taken to insure that the power supply for the integrated circuit never becomes reversed in
polarity or that the unit is not inadvertently installed backwards in a test socket as an unlimited current surge
through the resulting forward diode within the IC could cause fusing of the internal conductors and result in a
destroyed unit.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
The V + pin should be bypassed to ground with a low-ESR capacitor. The optimum placement is closest to the V
+ and ground pins.
Take care to minimize the loop area formed by the bypass capacitor connection between V + and ground.
The ground pin should be connected to the PCB ground plane at the pin of the device.
The feedback components should be placed as close to the device as possible minimizing strays.
10.2 Layout Example
Figure 43. Layout Example
24
LM124-N
,
LM224-N
LM2902-N
,
LM324-N
SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015
www.ti.com
Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 1. Related Links
PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS TOOLS &
SOFTWARE SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
LM124-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
LM224-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
LM2902-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
LM324-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
11.2 Trademarks
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.4 Glossary
SLYZ022 —TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 26-Sep-2017
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LM124AJ/PB ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125 LM124AJ
LM124J/PB ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125 LM124J
LM224J ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI -25 to 85 LM224J
LM2902M NRND SOIC D 14 55 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LM2902M
LM2902M/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM2902M
LM2902MT NRND TSSOP PW 14 94 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LM290
2MT
LM2902MT/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 94 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM290
2MT
LM2902MTX/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM290
2MT
LM2902MX NRND SOIC D 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LM2902M
LM2902MX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM2902M
LM2902N/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP NFF 14 25 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM2902N
LM324AM NRND SOIC D 14 55 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324AM
LM324AM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324AM
LM324AMX NRND SOIC D 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324AM
LM324AMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324AM
LM324AN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP NFF 14 25 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324AN
LM324M NRND SOIC D 14 55 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324M
LM324M/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324M
LM324MT/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 94 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324
MT
LM324MTX/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324
MT
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 26-Sep-2017
Addendum-Page 2
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LM324MX NRND SOIC D 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324M
LM324MX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324M
LM324N/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP NFF 14 25 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324N
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based
flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 26-Sep-2017
Addendum-Page 3
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LM124-N, LM2902-N :
•Automotive: LM2902-Q1
•Enhanced Product: LM2902-EP
•Space: LM124-SP
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
•Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects
•Enhanced Product - Supports Defense, Aerospace and Medical Applications
•Space - Radiation tolerant, ceramic packaging and qualified for use in Space-based application
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LM2902MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 330.0 12.4 6.95 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM2902MX SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1
LM2902MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1
LM324AMX SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1
LM324AMX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1
LM324MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 330.0 12.4 6.95 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM324MX SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1
LM324MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 24-Aug-2017
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LM2902MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM2902MX SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM2902MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM324AMX SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM324AMX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM324MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM324MX SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM324MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 24-Aug-2017
Pack Materials-Page 2
www.ti.com
PACKAGE OUTLINE
C
14X .008-.014
[0.2-0.36]
TYP
-15
0
AT GAGE PLANE
-.314.308 -7.977.83[ ]
14X -.026.014 -0.660.36[ ]
14X -.065.045 -1.651.15[ ]
.2 MAX TYP
[5.08] .13 MIN TYP
[3.3]
TYP-.060.015 -1.520.38[ ]
4X .005 MIN
[0.13]
12X .100
[2.54]
.015 GAGE PLANE
[0.38]
A
-.785.754 -19.9419.15[ ]
B -.283.245 -7.196.22[ ]
CDIP - 5.08 mm max heightJ0014A
CERAMIC DUAL IN LINE PACKAGE
4214771/A 05/2017
NOTES:
1. All controlling linear dimensions are in inches. Dimensions in brackets are in millimeters. Any dimension in brackets or parenthesis are for
reference only. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
3. This package is hermitically sealed with a ceramic lid using glass frit.
4. Index point is provided on cap for terminal identification only and on press ceramic glass frit seal only.
5. Falls within MIL-STD-1835 and GDIP1-T14.
78
14
1
PIN 1 ID
(OPTIONAL)
SCALE 0.900
SEATING PLANE
.010 [0.25] C A B
www.ti.com
EXAMPLE BOARD LAYOUT
ALL AROUND
[0.05] MAX.002
.002 MAX
[0.05]
ALL AROUND
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
METAL
(.063)
[1.6]
(R.002 ) TYP
[0.05]
14X ( .039)
[1]
( .063)
[1.6]
12X (.100 )
[2.54]
(.300 ) TYP
[7.62]
CDIP - 5.08 mm max heightJ0014A
CERAMIC DUAL IN LINE PACKAGE
4214771/A 05/2017
LAND PATTERN EXAMPLE
NON-SOLDER MASK DEFINED
SCALE: 5X
SEE DETAIL A SEE DETAIL B
SYMM
SYMM
1
78
14
DETAIL A
SCALE: 15X
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
METAL
DETAIL B
13X, SCALE: 15X
MECHANICAL DATA
N0014A
www.ti.com
N14A (Rev G)
NFF0014A
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